When it comes to raising domestic guinea hens, you'll choose between four varieties and a wide assortment of colourations. This is my current understanding for North America's available varieties. The "black" is the most popular, and comes in many colors, as do the "helmeted", "crested", "plumed". Of course there are other varieties (some will say 'breeds'), but the remaining would be considered specialities here.
To ensure no one is given the wrong impression, the Guineas in the photo above are hanging out with a peacock. (If you're a true expert in Guinea fowl - aka Guinea Hens, I'd love to share your views and knowledge! Please use the contact form.)
Some of the most popular colourations are pearl, lavender, and white.
Some people say "pearls" are less noisy. Lavenders are the most beautiful, and Whites are the best to raise alarm on the presence of predators. In fact, all of them can have all or any of thes traits!
No matter the colourations though, Guinea Fowl are fantastic at pest control, are relatively calm, and are highly adaptive.
I found Guinea Fowl easy to keep, even in a cold climate. I even started some from eggs in my incubator. They turned out hardy and 'bonded' to me quickly. I am by no means an expert on raising Guinea hens and this is merely an intro to them! If you want to know more, there is one decent book on Guinea fowl, one decent book on multiple fowl and contains a small section on Guineas, and there are a multitude of very bad, useless, books! Here are the first two, recommended here to save you from the worst of them.
https://goodbyecitylife.com/products/ultimate-homesteader-s-manual-guinea-fowl-ownership
https://goodbyecitylife.com/products/poultry-breeds-illustrated-guide-chickens-ducks-geese
Creating a Comfortable and Secure Habitat for Guinea Hens
Creating a suitable habitat is crucial for successfully raising guinea hens. These unique birds have specific needs that must be met to ensure their comfort and security. Here are some important factors to consider when setting up a habitat for guinea hens:
1. Shelter
Adequate shelter is essential to protect guinea hens from extreme weather conditions and predators. A sturdy coop or a sheltered area with proper roofing and insulation is recommended. Guinea hens prefer to roost off the ground, so providing elevated roosting bars or boxes within the shelter is important.
2. Perimeter Fencing
Guinea hens have a tendency to wander and explore their surroundings. Therefore, it is crucial to have a secure perimeter fence to prevent them from escaping and protect them from predators. Opt for tall, sturdy fencing with small gaps or mesh to keep them contained while still allowing ventilation. Many fly (mine do!), so keep their run covered or at least give them time and reason to call your farm their home.
3. Access to Outdoors
While guinea hens need a secure shelter, they also require access to outdoor space for exercise and foraging. An enclosed outdoor area, known as a run, should be provided. This prevents them from straying too far, while also allowing them to exhibit their natural behaviors and search for food.
4. Nesting Boxes
If you plan to keep guinea hens for egg production, it is crucial to provide suitable nesting boxes. Guinea hens prefer dark, secluded areas to lay their eggs. Ensure the boxes are easily accessible, safe from predators, and filled with soft nesting material such as straw or wood shavings.
5. Privacy and Safety
Guinea hens are easily stressed by loud noises and sudden movements. It is important to create a tranquil environment for them by providing privacy and minimizing disturbances. Avoid placing their coop near busy areas or loud machinery. Additionally, regular checks for potential hazards or signs of predators are vital to maintain their safety.
Feeding and Nutritional Needs of Guinea Hens
Proper nutrition is essential for the health and well-being of guinea hens. These unique birds have specific dietary requirements that must be met in order for them to thrive. By understanding their feeding habits and nutritional needs, you can ensure the happiness and longevity of your guinea hens.
A balanced diet is crucial for guinea hens, as it directly impacts their overall health and productivity. They are natural foragers and will spend much of their time searching for food in the form of insects, seeds, and greens. However, it is important to supplement their foraging with a high-quality commercial feed. Look for poultry feeds that are specifically formulated for guinea fowl, as they contain the necessary nutrients and vitamins these birds need.
In addition to their regular feed, guinea hens require access to fresh water at all times. They have a high water intake and will drink large amounts, especially during hot weather or when laying eggs. Ensure their water supply is clean, easily accessible, and changed regularly to prevent contamination.
While guinea hens have a foraging instinct, it is wise to provide them with additional treats and supplements to support their nutrition. These can include nutritious options like mealworms, fruits, vegetables, and leafy greens. Remember to introduce new foods gradually to avoid digestive issues, and always provide a balanced variety of treats to maintain their overall health.
Managing Health Issues and Ensuring a Happy Flock
Keeping your guinea hen flock healthy is essential for successful and enjoyable raising. Here are some important tips to help you manage common health issues and ensure a happy flock:
1. Regular Health Check-ups: Schedule regular check-ups with a poultry veterinarian to catch any potential health problems early on. This will help prevent the spread of contagious diseases and ensure your flock's overall well-being.
2. Proper Nutrition: Guinea hens require a balanced diet to maintain good health. Offer them a nutritious feed specifically formulated for guinea fowl, which contains the necessary vitamins and minerals they need. Additionally, provide access to fresh clean water at all times.
3. Parasite Control: Keep an eye out for external parasites, such as mites and ticks, which can cause discomfort and transmit diseases. Regularly inspect your flock and their living area for signs of infestations and promptly address any issues with appropriate treatments.
4. Stress Reduction: Guinea hens can be sensitive to stress, which can weaken their immune system and make them more susceptible to diseases. Minimize stressors by providing a calm and safe environment, protecting them from extreme weather and predators, and avoiding sudden changes in their surroundings.
5. Biosecurity Measures: Implement strict biosecurity measures to prevent the entry and spread of diseases. Restrict access to your property, regularly clean and disinfect their living quarters, and practice good hygiene by washing hands and changing clothes before and after interacting with your flock.
